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Taylor Polynomial: Complex Exponential Function


The complex Exponential Function is the complex function that we can define as a power series and that extends the real Exponential function to complex values

Complex Taylor polynomials: Exponential function | matematicasVisuales

The Exponential Function is periodic with period .

This series converges everywhere in the complex plane. Then the value of the function can be approximated by a partial sum (polynomial), and by choosing a sufficiently large degree we can make the approximation as accurate as we wish.

We can see it if we look at the Remainder (the difference between the function and the polynomial).

For example, this is one polynomial approximation of degree 6:

Complex Taylor polynomials: Exponential function. Taylor's polynomial degree 6 | matematicasVisuales

And this is a representation of the remainder. The approximation is good but only near the center:

Complex Taylor polynomials: Exponential function. Remainder from polynomial of degree 6| matematicasVisuales

We can see how the approximation improves when the polynomial is of degree 40:

Complex Taylor polynomials: Exponential function. Taylor's polynomial degree 40 | matematicasVisuales

This is the remainder:

Complex Taylor polynomials: Remainder from polynomial of degree 40 | matematicasVisuales

The behavior of the power series of the complex exponential function is very good because the series converges everywhere. We can see a similar behavior studying the complex cosine function.

REFERENCES

Tristan Needham - Visual Complex Analysis. (pag. 80) - Oxford University Press

MORE LINKS

Complex Polynomial Functions(1): Powers with natural exponent
Complex power functions with natural exponent have a zero (or root) of multiplicity n in the origin.
Complex Polynomial Functions(2): Polynomial of degree 2
A polynomial of degree 2 has two zeros or roots. In this representation you can see Cassini ovals and a lemniscate.
Complex Polynomial Functions(3): Polynomial of degree 3
A complex polinomial of degree 3 has three roots or zeros.
Complex Polynomial Functions(4): Polynomial of degree n
Every complex polynomial of degree n has n zeros or roots.
Complex Polynomial Functions(5): Polynomial of degree n (variant)
Every complex polynomial of degree n has n zeros or roots.
Cero and polo (Spanish)
Podemos modificar las multiplicidades del cero y del polo de estas funciones sencillas.
The Complex Exponential Function
The Complex Exponential Function extends the Real Exponential Function to the complex plane.
The Complex Cosine Function
The Complex Cosine Function extends the Real Cosine Function to the complex plane. It is a periodic function that shares several properties with his real ancestor.
The Complex Cosine Function: mapping an horizontal line
The Complex Cosine Function maps horizontal lines to confocal ellipses.
Multifunctions: Powers with fractional exponent
The usual definition of a function is restrictive. We may broaden the definition of a function to allow f(z) to have many differente values for a single value of z. In this case f is called a many-valued function or a multifunction.
Inversion
Inversion is a plane transformation that transform straight lines and circles in straight lines and circles.
Inversion: an anticonformal transformation
Inversion preserves the magnitud of angles but the sense is reversed. Orthogonal circles are mapped into orthogonal circles
Multifunctions: Two branch points
Multifunctions can have more than one branch point. In this page we can see a two-valued multifunction with two branch points.
Taylor polynomials (1): Exponential function
By increasing the degree, Taylor polynomial approximates the exponential function more and more.
Taylor polynomials (2): Sine function
By increasing the degree, Taylor polynomial approximates the sine function more and more.
Taylor polynomials (3): Square root
The function is not defined for values less than -1. Taylor polynomials about the origin approximates the function between -1 and 1.
Taylor polynomials (4): Rational function 1
The function has a singularity at -1. Taylor polynomials about the origin approximates the function between -1 and 1.
Taylor polynomials (5): Rational function 2
The function has a singularity at -1. Taylor polynomials about the origin approximates the function between -1 and 1.
Taylor polynomials (6): Rational function with two real singularities
This function has two real singularities at -1 and 1. Taylor polynomials approximate the function in an interval centered at the center of the series. Its radius is the distance to the nearest singularity.